Text 13

aprakaso ’pravrttis ca
pramado moha eva ca
tamasy etani jayante
vivrddhe kuru-nandana

Translation

When there is an increase in the mode of ignorance, O son of Kuru, darkness, inertia, madness and illusion are manifested.

Commentary by Srila Prabhupada

When there is no illumination, knowledge is absent. One in the mode of ignorance does not work by a regulative principle; he wants to act whimsically, for no purpose. Even though he has the capacity to work, he makes no endeavor. This is called illusion. Although consciousness is going on, life is inactive. These are the symptoms of one in the mode of ignorance.

Commentary by Sri Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakur

Absence of discrimination, accepting sound and other sense objects not approved by the scriptures (aprakasahe); absence of all effort (apravrttih); inattention, for example, conviction that one does not have anything when holding it in ones hands (pramadah); and absorption in the wrong or false (mohah) appear with the increase of tamas.